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Towards Efficient Urban Public Services in India
The urban population in India is growing consistently, placing unseen pressure on existing urban infrastructures. Public service performance is low by international standards. Empowerment of local aut...
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All That Glitters Is Not Gold: The Political Economy of Randomised Evaluations in Development
Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) have a narrow scope, restricted to basic intervention schemes. Experimental designs also display specific biases and political uses when implemented in the real world....
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AFD and disaster risk reduction
Every year, disasters related to natural hazards have huge human and economic repercussions. This is particularly the case in countries where AFD operates. A key reason for this is that these countrie...
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Brochure AFD and Morocco
At the crossroads of Europe and Africa, the Kingdom of Morocco is benefitting from a strategic location. Committed to international openness and Euro-Mediterranean integration, it is the only country...
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AFD and Civil Society Organizations
The partnership between AFD and civil society has been greatly enhanced in recent years, making civil society organizations (CSOs) essential partners for AFD. In terms of financing, AFD’s budget to su...
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Creating Access to Agricultural Finance - Based on a horizontal study of Cambodia, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania, Th...
Inadequate financing of the agricultural sector remains a major constraint in developing countries. Despite the existence of genuine financial needs of large magnitude, financial institutions face dif...
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The Economics of Spatial Sustainability: General Theory and Application to Climate Change
This paper formalizes the notion of "spatial sustainability‘ of an economy in the presence of local and global environmental externalities. An extension is offered here of a new economic geography (NE...
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Energy and Development in Emerging Countries
Energy is an important component of the economy and is a fundamental factor of production. In general we expect is use to grow in some relation to growth in economic activity. Empirically we see a clo...
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AFD and South Africa
Present in South Africa since 1994, AFD offers innovative financing solutions and technical assistance to support the South African government in its development policy. AFD works with government part...
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Green Growth and its Implications for Public Policy: The Case of South Africa
South Africa is a rapidly growing middle-income economy with a coal-based energy system that generates high greenhouse gases emissions, on a par with the richest economies in the world. The country ha...
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AFD - Overview
Building a more just and more sustainable world for all – a world in common – requires successfully achieving five main transitions, both over here and over there: energy, digital, territorial, demogr...
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Cocoa farmers’ agricultural practices and livelihoods in Côte d’Ivoire
Cocoa production in Côte d‘Ivoire has more than doubled over the last four decades, from 565 thousand tons in 1984 to approximatively 1.5 million tons in recent years. This increase has been mainly du...
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The Quality of Growth: Accounting for Sustainability
This paper has three purposes. First, it follows the UN conceptual and measurement approach in providing a welfare theoretic framework for sustainability. The intergenerational conditions for sustaina...
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Holding Land in Common within Cities
In the Global South, access to decent housing and secure land tenure remains a great challenge for most urban dwellers. Yet secure land tenure is a key component of urban resilience. This paper summar...
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Afd2025: Development agencies, steering through future worlds
What world awaits us in 2025? How to gear up for it and build a world which attracts us? AFD has conducted an impressive forward-looking exercise – Afd2025. Its initiators tell us about the four scena...
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The AFD Carbon Footprint Tool for projects - User’s Guide and Methodology
AFD (Agence Française de Développement) aims to promote low-carbon development through the projects it finances, in line with France’s commitment to combat climate change and AFD’s strategic orientati...
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AFD Group Exclusion list
The objective of the exclusion list is to clearly indicate the activities that the Group refuses to finance due to ethical, regulatory, environmental or social criteria, and arising from the applicati...
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Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
Environmental and Social Risk Management Policy for AFD-funded Operations
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