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An oasis in the desert
Marsabit forest, a natural space surrounded by desert, covers an area of over 16,000 hectares. This region in the North of Kenya hosts a core resource for neighboring communities and significant biodi...
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Mekong: the challenges of common management
The Mekong River is a common good and its fairly-shared management can be a source of peace and development. This delta is one the biggest water reservoirs in the world along with Amazonia. 80 million...
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Evaluation of French development aid in Vietnam (2005-2015)
The Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE), the Directorate General of the Treasury (DG Trésor) and the French Development Agency (AFD) have requested an evaluation of French development aid to...
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Commons and Development Dynamics
Can the preservation and production of Commons foster sustainable development? What roles can politicians and public authorities play? What are the conditions for the emergence and durability of these...
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Coping with the Collapse: A Stock-Flow Consistent Monetary Macrodynamics of Global Warming - Updated version d...
This paper presents a macroeconomic model of growth that combines the economic impact of climate change with the pivotal role of private debt and income distribution. Using a Keen approach (Keen, 1995...
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Urban Projects Finance Initiative (UPFI)
The Union for the Mediterranean, the European Union, Agence Française de Développement and the European Investment Bank have joined forces to build a successful transition towards sustainable Mediterr...
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Financial Systems - 2018-2022 Strategy
AFD Group has been supporting the development of local financial systems since the early 1950s. Today, it is one of the leading donors operating in the financial inclusion sector in Africa. The Financ...
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AFD Group and Energy Transition Minerals
The energy transition relies on the deployment of low-carbon technologies (electric vehicles,renewable energies) that require substantial amounts of metals and minerals, including lithium, nickel, cob...
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Assessment of Future Droughts in Vietnam Using High-Resolution Downscaled CMIP6 Projections
This study investigates drought conditions in Vietnam and its seven sub-climatic regions using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). SPEI was derived from daily, high-resolut...
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Europe & Central Asia: On the road to high income?
In Europe and Central Asia, ten countries that have reached high-income status since 1990 have joined the European Union. Another 20 in the region have become more prosperous but their transition to h...
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Appendix - Evaluations completed by AFD Group in 2023-2024
AFD Group conducts various types of evaluations, which may combine different methods and be carried out at different stages. In this appendix to AFD Group's 2025 Evaluation Report, you will find a lis...
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Colombia: Squaring energy transition and fiscal credibility to transform the economy
Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle,growth has be...
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AFD Group & World Bank Group Partnership Impact Update
The AFD Group and World Bank Group (WBG) have built innovative and impactful partnerships that catalyze finance, analytics, and technical services at global, regional, and country levels. Recognizi...
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AFD group offer in the Middle East
Established in 2019, the Middle East Regional Office (DRMO) was created to anchor and promote operational synergies among the three entities of the AFD Group, for the benefit of its clients and partne...
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AFD Group’s 2025-2030 strategy
At the Presidential Council for International Partnerships (CPPI) convened on April 4, 2025, development policy was reaffirmed as a cornerstone of France’s international engagement, alongside diplomac...
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Reimagining Data Governance for AI
This report introduces a practical, community-centered framework for governing data reuse in the development and deployment of artificial intelligence systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC...
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2024 Universal registration document
Amid the geopolitical, economic, environmental and financial uncertainties of today’s world, we need to stay the course towards international solidarity, as defined in 2015 in the United Nations 2030...
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Realizing the Potential of National Development Banks to Boost Sustainable Development Financing with MDB Supp...
The world’s public development banks cannot avoid confronting the global environmental and climate finance crises. Nor should they. This research paper asks, ‘What do national development banks (NDBs)...
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AFD Group's flagship project in the Indopacific
Aligned with France’s Indo-Pacific strategy, AFD Group spearheads impactful projects across the region to address global public goods such as climate resilience and biodiversity protection. With a pre...
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